Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Characterized by cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and impaired daily functioning, AD’s complex pathology-including amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles-has hindered accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This mini review discusses current diagnostic advancements and therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing these challenges. Diagnostic strategies for AD have evolved, combining clinical assessments with neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, bloodbased biomarkers, and genetic testing to distinguish AD from other dementias. Treatment approaches, although unable to cure the disease, now include recently approved anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies such as lecanemab and donanemab, which target disease progression. Alongside pharmacologic treatments like cholinesterase inhibitors and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, non-pharmacologic interventions (e.g., cognitive therapy and physical exercise) help manage symptoms and enhance quality of life. Emerging research in tau-targeted therapies, gene therapy, and precision medicine holds promise for more effective, tailored approaches. Continued exploration into AD’s pathophysiology may unlock transformative treatments, offering new hope for patients and their caregivers.

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